Chart 10. Eurosystem's purchase programme holdings are decreasing by about EUR 500 billion per year

This infographic shows that the Eurosystem’s purchasing programme holdings are decreasing at an annual rate of approximately EUR 500 billion. The chart depicts five purchase programmes: the pandemic emergency purchase programme (PEPP); the asset-backed securities purchase programme (ABSPP); the public sector purchase programme (PSPP); the corporate sector purchase programme (CSPP); and the third covered bond purchase programme (CBPP3).

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Chart 1. Bank of Finland staff total at close of 2024 was 381

This infographic is about the Bank of Finland’s staff. At the end of the year, the staff numbered 381, their average age was 47 and their average years of service was 14.4. The proportion with a university degree was 88%, and the three most common degrees were Master of Science (Economics and Business Administration), Master of Social Sciences, and Bachelor of Business Administration.

Chart 2. Bank of Finland’s communications in 2025

This infographic brings together key figures about the Bank of Finland’s Communications in 2025. A public survey on reputation and trust gave a score of 87%, total followers across social media numbered 50,917 and the media coverage index was 4.3/5. Customer satisfaction with the Bank of Finland Museum was 77%. 95 student groups visited the Financial Literacy Centre. A quote from the national strategy to promote financial literacy: “Finns’ financial literacy will be the best in the world by 2030”.

Chart 3. HICP inflation and core price inflation in the euro area

This infographic shows euro area headline inflation and core inflation over the period 2019–2025. The graphs show that these both fell in 2025 to near the targeted 2% level. The chart contains a lot of information. If you want to know more about the subject, please send an email to [email protected] and we will help you.

Chart 4. Key ECB interest rates and money market rates

This infographic shows the key European Central Bank (ECB) interest rates and main money market rates in the period 2022–2025. The graphs show that interest rates declined in 2025. The chart contains a lot of information. If you want to know more about the subject, please send an email to [email protected] and we will help you.

Chart 5. Eurosystem assets

This infographic depicts Eurosystem assets in the period 2008–2025. It shows three categories of assets: securities held for monetary policy purposes; refinancing operations; and other assets. The chart shows that the only category to grow in 2025 was other assets.

Chart 6. Ganting credit to banks

This infographic illustrates how the granting of credit takes place between the Bank of Finland and banks operating in Finland. The Bank of Finland lends money to banks by providing credit, against which the banks must post collateral. The banks make credit repayments with interest, and when the credit has been repaid in full the Bank of Finland returns the collateral.

Chart 7. Credit provided by the Bank of Finland to its counterparties

This infographic shows the credit granted by the Bank of Finland to its counterparty banks during the period 4 January 2021 to 30 December 2025. The credit depicted is as follows: targeted longer-term refinancing operations (TLTROs); pandemic emergency longer-term refinancing operations (PELTROs); Eurosystem main refinancing operations (MROs); and longer-term refinancing operations (LTROs). The chart shows that the credit provided by the Bank of Finland to its counterparty banks in 2025 was very minor.

Chart 8. Collateral deposited with the Bank of Finland and their average shares in 2025

This infographic shows the collateral deposited with the Bank of Finland by asset class and its average share in 2025. It shows that the largest share, at 39%, consisted of credit claims. If you want to know more about the subject, please send an email to [email protected] and we will help you.

Chart 9. Liquidity deposits with the Bank of Finland

This infographic shows liquidity deposits with the Bank of Finland in the period 2020–2025. In 2025, the majority of liquidity deposits were overnight deposits. The chart contains a considerable amount of information. If you want to know more about the subject, please send an email to [email protected] and we will help you.

Chart 10. Eurosystem's purchase programme holdings are decreasing by about EUR 500 billion per year

Chart 11. Instruments for implementing Eurosystem monetary policy

Chart 12. Finland's economy heading out of recession

This infographic illustrates that Finland’s economy is heading out of recession. Economic growth and employment will gradually strengthen as domestic demand picks up. Inflation will remain moderate in the immediate years ahead, and the public finances will stay deeply in deficit.

Chart 13. Pricing of Finland’s country risk relative to other euro area countries has changed very little in recent years

This infographic shows the pricing of Finland’s country risk in relation to other euro area countries in the period 2022–2025. It reveals that the country risk has remained almost unchanged over the last few years. The chart contains a considerable amount of information. If you want to know more about the subject, please send an email to [email protected] and we will help you.

Chart 14. House sales and new mortgage lending in Finland

This infographic shows housing sales and new mortgage lending in Finland in the period 2005–2025. The graphs illustrate that both the volume of new housing loans and the number of sales of existing and new dwellings fell in 2025.

Chart 15. Banknotes issued by the Bank of Finland

This infographic shows the number of banknotes issued by the Bank of Finland in the period 2002–2025. This number increased throughout the period, including in 2025.

Chart 16. Value-at-Risk (VaR) figures for market risk in the Bank of Finland’s financial assets in 2025

This infographic shows the value-at-risk (VaR) figures for market risk in the Bank of Finland’s financial assets in 2025. The VaR for the Bank of Finland’s total market risk during 2025 fluctuated between about EUR 100 million and EUR 225 million. The chart contains a considerable amount of information. If you want to know more about the subject, please send an email to [email protected] and we will help you.

Chart 17. Eurosystem balance sheet items

This infographic shows the Eurosystem’s balance sheet items over the period 2016–2025. The chart displays seven items. These are as follows: net claims on foreign reserves and gold; refinancing operations; monetary policy purchase programmes; other assets; items included in capital and reserves; banknotes; and euro-denominated deposits. The Eurosystem balance sheet is large as a result of monetary policy measures. The balance sheet will gradually shrink with the maturing of debt securities acquired under purchase programmes.

Chart 18. Bank of Finland’s total risks, capital and reserves, excl. gold price risk and gold revaluation accounts

This infographic shows the Bank of Finland’s total risks, capital and reserves, excl. gold price risk and gold revaluation accounts. The market and credit risk is about EUR 3 billion. Capital is divided into three parts: disposable revaluation accounts, at about EUR 1 billion; disposable provisions, at nearly EUR 3 billion; and the primary capital and reserve fund, at almost EUR 3 billion. The Bank of Finland’s capital adequacy is sufficient to cover the risks arising from the performance of its tasks.

Chart 19. Risks and risk buffers excl. gold and gold revaluation accounts

This infographic shows risks and risk buffers excluding gold and gold revaluation accounts over the period 2016–2025. In 2025, the Bank of Finland’s total risks increased slightly and risk buffers diminished.

Chart 10. Eurosystem's purchase programme holdings are decreasing by about EUR 500 billion per year

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Chart 1. Bank of Finland staff total at close of 2024 was 381

Chart 2. Bank of Finland’s communications in 2025

Olli Rehn

Marja Nykänen

Tuomas Välimäki

Chart 3. HICP inflation and core price inflation in the euro area

Chart 4. Key ECB interest rates and money market rates

Chart 5. Eurosystem assets

Chart 6. Ganting credit to banks

Chart 7. Credit provided by the Bank of Finland to its counterparties

Chart 8. Collateral deposited with the Bank of Finland and their average shares in 2025

Chart 9. Liquidity deposits with the Bank of Finland

Chart 10. Eurosystem's purchase programme holdings are decreasing by about EUR 500 billion per year

Chart 11. Instruments for implementing Eurosystem monetary policy

Chart 12. Finland's economy heading out of recession

Chart 13. Pricing of Finland’s country risk relative to other euro area countries has changed very little in recent years

Chart 14. House sales and new mortgage lending in Finland

Chart 15. Banknotes issued by the Bank of Finland

Chart 16. Value-at-Risk (VaR) figures for market risk in the Bank of Finland’s financial assets in 2025

Chart 17. Eurosystem balance sheet items

Chart 18. Bank of Finland’s total risks, capital and reserves, excl. gold price risk and gold revaluation accounts

Chart 19. Risks and risk buffers excl. gold and gold revaluation accounts

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Chart 10. Eurosystem's purchase programme holdings are decreasing by about EUR 500 billion per year

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